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  Jun 20, 2018     WenYuan     Python3   UPDATE: Jun 21, 2018

[Python] 學習使用詞典 (Dictionary)

詞典 (Dictionary) 是由鍵值 (Key) 和數值 (Value) 所組成的數對, 每個 Key 都有其對應的 Value


宣告與建立詞典 (Dictionary)

dict1 = {} # 宣告一個空詞典

# 自行建立一個詞典 (Value 不一定要是數字, 也可以是字串, 甚至是符號)
dict2 = {'Chinese': 90, 'English': 88, 'Math': 93, 'OS': 93}

print(dict1)
print(dict2)

宣告空集合 (Set) : set1 = set()

宣告空詞典 (Dictionary) : dict1 = {}

兩個宣告法不要搞錯囉!


從詞典中加入新項目或刪除項目

dict1 = {}
dict2 = {'Chinese': 90, 'English': 88, 'Math': 93, 'OS': 93}

# 添加新項目進 dict1
dict1['Name'] = 'Chris'
dict1['Gender'] = 1
dict1['Phone'] = '123-4567'
dict1['E-mail'] = 'chenwy0806@gmail.com'

# 將 dict2 中 Key == 'OS' 的項目刪除
del dict2['OS']
print(dict2)

# 與 del 一樣可以刪除特定項目
dict1.pop('Name')
print(dict1)

# 刪除 dict1 的最後一項
dict1.popitem()
print(dict1)

# 將 dict1 的內容清空
dict1.clear()
print(dict1)


一些詞典常見的用法

  • 判斷某鍵值是否存在於詞典中

與 串列 數組 集合 一樣, 都可以使用 in 與 not in 來判斷項目有無存在其中

dict1 = {}
dict2 = {'Chinese': 90, 'English': 88, 'Math': 93, 'OS': 93}

# 添加新項目進 dict1
dict1['Name'] = 'Chris'
dict1['Gender'] = 1
dict1['Phone'] = '123-4567'
dict1['E-mail'] = 'chenwy0806@gmail.com'

print('Name' in dict1)
print('Gender' not in dict1)
  • 判斷兩詞典是否相同

與 串列 數組 集合 一樣, 都可以使用 == 與 != 來判斷兩詞典是否相同

dict1 = {}
dict2 = {'Chinese': 90, 'English': 88, 'Math': 93, 'OS': 93}
dict3 = {'Chinese': 90, 'English': 88, 'Math': 93, 'OS': 93}

# 添加新項目進 dict1
dict1['Name'] = 'Chris'
dict1['Gender'] = 1
dict1['Phone'] = '123-4567'
dict1['E-mail'] = 'chenwy0806@gmail.com'

print(dict1)
print(dict2)
print(dict3)
print(dict1 == dict2)
print(dict2 == dict3)
print(dict1 != dict2)
print(dict2 != dict3)
  • 詞典的其他用法
dict1 = {}
dict2 = {'Chinese': 90, 'English': 88, 'Math': 93, 'OS': 93}

# 添加新項目進 dict1
dict1['Name'] = 'Chris'
dict1['Gender'] = 1
dict1['Phone'] = '123-4567'
dict1['E-mail'] = 'chenwy0806@gmail.com'

print(len(dict1)) # 印出 dict1 的長度
print(dict1.keys()) # 印出 dict1 所有的 key
print(dict2.values()) # 印出 dict2 所有的 value
print(dict2.items()) # 印出 dict2 所有的項目
print(dict2.get('Chinese')) # 印出 dict2 中 'Chinese' 的 value

# 把 dict2 複製一份給 dict3
dict3 = dict2.copy()
print(dict3)

# 將 dict1 合併到 dict3
dict3.update(dict1)
print(dict3)


使用索引來印出詞典內容

dict1 = {}
dict2 = {'Chinese': 90, 'English': 88, 'Math': 93, 'OS': 93}

# 添加新項目進 dict1
dict1['Name'] = 'Chris'
dict1['Gender'] = 1
dict1['Phone'] = '123-4567'
dict1['E-mail'] = 'chenwy0806@gmail.com'

print(dict1['Name'])
print(dict2['Math'])
  • 也可以使用 for 迴圈來印
dict1 = {}
dict2 = {'Chinese': 90, 'English': 88, 'Math': 93, 'OS': 93}

# 添加新項目進 dict1
dict1['Name'] = 'Chris'
dict1['Gender'] = 1
dict1['Phone'] = '123-4567'
dict1['E-mail'] = 'chenwy0806@gmail.com'

print(dict1['Name'])
print(dict2['Math'])

for key in dict2:
	print('dict2[\'%s\'] = %d' %(key, dict2[key]))